What is cryptography?
Cryptography is area of mathematics which talks about how to hide information with help of keys. Humans can not use cryptography with out help of compute machines. In olden days there are mechanical ciphers mostly substitution method based ciphers.
Why do we need cryptography?
In modern times humans have digital information, which need protection being stolen. Some of this information is costly and sensitive. For example health data, banking information and trade secrets.
Where is it used?
If you are using a computer or mobile phone to browse internet you must be using cryptography with out knowing it. When you login into your email, bank account, library account cryptography involved.
What is crypto analysis ?
This is branch of cryptography which addresses weakensses in crypto algorithms. This is usually used by hackers to exploit cipher weaknesses.
What is key?
Key is a a number a secret number which used to encrypt data. In case of symmetric encryption could logical XOR of the key and data. Where in case of assymmetric encryption it would be multiplication.
What is ephemeral key?
Ephemeral key is are usually for short term use.This can avoid any leakage of key information would not harm in breaching the security. For example in Openssl they are called session keys.
What is one way function?
It is mathematical operation easy to compute but it is very hard to reverse the operation. For example hashing, MAC(message authentication codes) etc.
What are different crypto algorithms?
There are variety of crypto algorithms based on how they are used.
1. Substitution method.
2. Tran position ciphers.
3. One time pad with substitution method.
4. Running key ciphers
5. Block ciphers
6. Stream ciphers
What is confusion and diffusion?
What is Cipher?
What is certificate in cryptography?
What is sign/verify?
What is AEAD?
What is Nonce?
What is Zero knowledge proof system?
What security Management comprise of?
Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability
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